Effects of the use of a cocoon on the autonomic, motor, and regulatory systems in preterm newborns: Randomized clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: The wrapping of the newborn in an orthopedic tubular mesh, simulating a cocoon, can allow the infant to regain the feeling of security and stability experienced in the uterus given that the movement of one of the parts of the body exerts tactile and pressure variation in others. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the influence of an orthopedic tubular mesh, simulating a cocoon, in therapeutic positioning, on the variables of the autonomous, motor, and regulatory systems of preterm newborns. METHODS: A controlled and randomized clinical trial was conducted with preterm newborns positioned in dorsal decubitus and divided into two groups: (a) cocoon - newborns covered with an orthopedic tubular mesh, and (b) control - newborns positioned according to the sector's routine and without the use of an orthopedic mesh. During the follow-up, each newborn was placed in the position for 30 min and was recorded for a total of 2 min, once at the beginning and again at the end of the observation period. Variables related to the autonomous system (heart rate, respiratory rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation), motor system (general movements), and regulatory system (Neonatal Infant Pain Scale) were evaluated before and after the intervention. The videos were evaluated by a researcher blind to the purpose of the study, and the resulting data were analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS: Of the 40 preterm newborns evaluated (32.5 ± 1.83 weeks), 21 were female, and 20 were allocated to the cocoon group. The variables related to the autonomous, motor, and regulatory systems remained unchanged following the positioning in the cocoon, as compared to the typical positioning employed in the neonatal unit. CONCLUSION: The simulation of a cocoon, utilizing an orthopedic tubular mesh, when applied to preterm newborns admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit can contribute to maintaining low levels of stress, without altering variables of the autonomous, motor, and regulatory systems.

Thoracoabdominal rebalancing is not superior to manual hyperinflation to increase the amount of pulmonary secretion removed in preterm newborns: A randomized crossover trial.

Background and Aims: Respiratory physical therapy is recommended to prevent complications of accumulated secretion in mechanical ventilated infants, but no consensus about the best technique is available. Aims: To evaluate the effects of manual hyperinflation maneuver (MHM) and thoracoabdominal rebalancing method (TRM) in preterm newborns (PTNB) for bronchial hygiene. Methods: Single-blind randomized crossover trial with intention-to-treat analysis was carried out with 24 PTNB (<37 weeks of gestation) under invasive ventilatory support via orotracheal cannula received both interventions (MHM and TRM) with an interval of 4 h, followed by tracheal suctioning. The primary outcome was the amount of pulmonary secretion, while secondary outcomes were the response of the autonomous (heart rate, respiratory rate [RR], tidal volume [TV], and oxygen saturation [SpO2]), motor (classification of general movements), and regulatory (pain and respiratory discomfort) systems pre and postintervention. Results: Although the amount of secretion was not different after the MHM and TRM interventions (0.10 and 0.09 g, respectively, p = 0.47), a difference was observed in the increase of SpO2 (p ≤ 0.001), and in the decrease of RR (p ≤ 0.001) for TRM. The poor repertoire pattern was predominant (23 PTNB), and it did not alter after interventions. Pain was not observed during interventions, the respiratory discomfort decreased after both interventions (p = 0.50). Conclusion: The amount of secretion removed was similar after MHM and TRM and both maneuvers did not negatively alter the response of the autonomous, motor, and regulatory systems.

Kinesio Taping® as an innovative therapeutic tool to prevent nasal septal lesions in newborns: a case study / Kinesio Taping® como uma ferramenta terapêutica inovadora para prevenir lesões do septo nasal em recém-nascidos: um estudo de caso

Abstract Introduction: The immaturity of the integumentary system in premature newborns (PTNB), associated with ventilatory support, contributes to the higher occurrence of nasal trauma. Objective: This article reports on the case of a newborn submitted to Kinesio® Taping as an innovative prophylactic therapy for nasal trauma. Method: We report on Kinesio® Taping, a material frequently used to treat pain in athletes, as an innovative therapeutic tool to prevent nasal septal lesions in a PTNB undergoing noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV), who, after 13 days on NIMV, presented with nasal septal lesions. Results: The Kinesio® Taping, was positioned to protect the nasal septum from friction caused by direct contact of the nasal prong, maintained NIMV pressure, adapted well to the shape of the nose and improved nasal trauma after 3 days of use. Conclusion: Given that breathing in this period of life occurs predominantly through the nose and maintaining the integrity of this mucosa reduces not only respiratory discomfort, but also deformities and the risk of infections. The present study presents KT as an innovative protective tool against nasal injury in premature newborns submitted to positive pressure ventilation using nasal prongs. Despite describing a single case, the results obtained were promising. However, studies with a larger sample and different groups are needed, primarily to compare with existing methods.

Resumo Introdução: A imaturidade do sistema tegumentar em recém-nascidos prematuros (RNPT), associado a necessidade de suporte ventilatório contribuem para uma maior ocorrência de traumas nasais. Objetivo: Este artigo relata o caso de um recém-nascido submetido ao Kinesio® Taping, como terapia profilática inovadora para trauma nasal. Método: Relatamos o uso do Kinesio® Taping, material frequentemente usado para tratamento de dor em atletas, como uma ferramenta de inovação terapêutica para prevenção de lesões do septo nasal em um RNPT em ventilação mecânica não invasiva (VMNI) que após 13 dias em VMNI apresentou lesão nasal e septal. Resultados: O Kinesio® Taping, foi posicionado de forma a proteger a columela e o septo nasal do atrito provocado pelo contato direto da pronga nasal, manteve a pressão da VMNI, boa adaptação ao formato do nariz e melhorou o trauma nasal após 3 dias de uso. Conclusão: Considerando que a respiração nesse período da vida acontece predominantemente pelo nariz, manter a integridade dessa mucosa reduz não só o desconforto respiratório, mas também as deformidades e o riscos de infecções. O presente estudo apresenta o KT como uma ferramenta inovadora de proteção contra lesões nasais em recém-nascidos prematuros submetidos à ventilação com pressão positiva com ponta nasal. Apesar de descrever um único caso, os resultados obtidos foram promissores. No entanto, são necessários estudos com uma amostra maior e grupos diferentes, principalmente para comparar com os métodos existentes.

Characteristics of Congenital Heart of Premature Newborns / Características das Cardiopatias Congênitas de Recém-Nascidos Prematuros

Congenital heart disease is considered the most common malformation found in neonatology. The aim of this study was to characterize the congenital heart diseases of premature newborns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of a high-risk maternity unit. This was an observational retrospective, descriptive character study carried out in a maternity school, reference in high-risk gestation in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The study was carried out with premature infants admitted to NICU, who presented some cardiological findings when performing the echocardiogram examination. Data collection was performed through the records of infants hospitalized from December 2016 to December 2017. A total of 371 records were evaluated. Fifty-eight infants were diagnosed with congenital heart disease, and 38 of them had Persistence of the ductus arteriosus. The main diagnosed cardiopathies caused low pulmonary flow. About half of the pregnant women with cardiac infants presented some complications during pregnancy, and the most frequent was Urinary Tract Infection; 55 infants needed some ventilatory support, 14 had at least one extubation failure during the hospitalization period, and 8 presented atelectasis. Persistence of the ductus arteriosus was the most common cardiologic finding, and the most frequent congenital heart diseases were those that decreased pulmonary flow, diagnosed mostly in premature infants who needed some ventilation support, but who were discharged from hospital. (AU)

Cardiopatias congênitas (CC) são consideradas as malformações mais comuns encontradas na neonatologia. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as CC de recém-nascidos prematuros em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) de uma maternidade de alto risco. Tratase de um estudo observacional retrospectivo, de caráter descritivo, realizado em uma maternidade escola, referência em gestação de alto risco do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. O estudo foi realizado com os bebês prematuros admitidos na UTIN, que apresentaram algum achado cardiológico ao realizar o exame de ecocardiograma. A coleta de dados foi realizada através dos prontuários dos bebês internados no período de dezembro de 2016 a dezembro de 2017. Foram avaliados 371 prontuários, sendo elencados para o estudo 58 bebês, 38 apresentaram persistência do canal arterial (PCA) e foram alocados no grupo PCA e 20 apresentaram outro tipo de CC e foram alocados no grupo CC. 55 bebês necessitaram do uso de algum suporte ventilatório, 14 apresentaram pelo menos uma falha de extubação durante o período de internação e 8 apresentaram atelectasia. Cerca de metade das gestantes com bebês cardiopatas apresentaram alguma intercorrência durante a gestação. A mais frequente foi à infecção do trato urinário. A PCA foi o achado cardiológico mais comum da amostra (65%) e dentre os 20 RN com diferentes CC, as que causam o baixo fluxo pulmonar foram as mais frequentes (70%), sendo encontradas em sua maioria em prematuros que necessitaram de algum suporte ventilatório, mas que receberam alta hospitalar. (AU)

Associação entre função sexual, independência funcional e qualidade de vida em pacientes após acidente vascular encefálico / La asociación entre la función sexual, la independencia funcional y la calidad de vida en sujetos tras sufrir accidente cerebrovascular / Association among sexual function, functional independence and quality of life in patients after cerebrovascular accident

RESUMO Este estudo observacional, quantitativo e transversal teve por objetivo avaliar a função sexual e comparar a qualidade de vida e independência funcional entre indivíduos acometidos por acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) sexualmente ativos e inativos. Estes foram previamente contatados por telefone e tiveram suas avaliações agendadas de acordo com sua conveniência. Realizou-se a aplicação de uma ficha de avaliação contendo dados sociodemográficos, hábitos de vida, saúde referida e função sexual, além do questionário abreviado de avaliação de qualidade de vida WHOQOL e da escala de medida de independência funcional. Ao avaliar 29 indivíduos, observou-se que 48,3% eram sexualmente ativos. Destes, 64,3% eram do sexo masculino e 35,7% do sexo feminino. A maioria da amostra relatou diminuição da atividade sexual após a doença (64,3%); 60% das mulheres apresentou disfunção sexual pelo quociente sexual - versão feminina -, e 77,7% dos homens apresentou disfunção erétil, avaliada pelo Índice Internacional de Função Erétil. Observou-se que os indivíduos ativos sexualmente apresentavam melhor qualidade de vida relativa ao domínio físico (p=0,035) e maior independência funcional motora (p=0,005) e cognitiva (p=0,006) quando comparados aos indivíduos que não praticavam atividade sexual. Concluiu-se que uma parcela significativa dos pacientes continua ativa sexualmente e que a prática de atividade sexual esteve associada à independência cognitiva e motora.

RESUMEN Este estudio de tipo observacional, cuantitativo, transversal tiene el objetivo de analizar la función sexual y comparar la calidad de vida y la independencia funcional entre los sujetos sexualmente activos e inactivos, acometidos por accidente cerebrovascular. Se contactaron a los sujetos por teléfono y se agendó una cita con ellos según la disponibilidad. Se les aplicó a los participantes una encuesta de evaluación para conocer sus datos sociodemográficos, hábitos de vida, salud y función sexual, además del cuestionario abreviado de la evaluación de la calidad de vida Whoqol-Bref y la escala de la medida de independencia funcional. De los 29 sujetos evaluados un 48,3% eran sexualmente activos. De estos, un 64,3% son hombres y un 35,7% mujeres. La mayoría de los participantes informaron que hubo una disminución de la actividad sexual tras la enfermedad (64,3%), un 60% de las mujeres presentaron disfunción sexual por el coeficiente sexual -versión femenina, y un 77,7% de los hombres presentaron disfunción eréctil, evaluada por el Índice internacional de función eréctil. Los sujetos sexualmente activos presentaron una mejor calidad de vida referente al dominio físico (p=0,035), una mayor independencia funcional motora (p=0,005) y cognitiva (p=0,006) en comparación a los que no tenían actividad sexual. Se concluye que gran parte de estos sujetos mantienen una vida sexual activa y que hay asociación entre la práctica de la actividad sexual a la independencia cognitiva y motora.

ABSTRACT This observational, quantitative and cross-sectional study aimed to assess the sexual function and compare the quality of life and functional independence among individuals, affected by cerebrovascular accident (CVA), sexually active and inactive. Individuals were previously contacted by telephone and scheduled at their convenience. We applied an assessment form containing demographic data, life habits, self-reported health and sexual function, in addition to the WHOQOL questionnaire for the evaluation of quality of life and scale of measure of functional independence. When assessing 29 individuals, we found that 48.3% were sexually active. Among them, 64.3 individuals were male and 35.7 were female. Most of the sample reported decreased sexual activity after the stroke (64.3%), 60% of women have sexual dysfunction through female sexual quotient, and 77.7% of men have erectile dysfunction, evaluated by the International Index of Erectile Function. We observed that sexually active individuals had better quality of life on the physical domain (p=0.035), greater functional (p=0.005) and cognitive (p=0.006) motor independence when compared with individuals who were not sexually active. We concluded that a significant portion of patients remain sexually active and that sexual activity was associated with cognitive and motor independence.

Influence of parity, type of delivery, and physical activity level on pelvic floor muscles in postmenopausal women.

[Purpose] The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of parity, type of delivery, and physical activity level on pelvic floor muscles in postmenopausal women. [Subjects and Methods] This was an observational analytic cross-sectional study with a sample of 100 postmenopausal women, aged between 45 and 65 years, divided into three groups according to menopausal stage: hysterectomized and early and late postmenopause. Patients were assessed for sociodemographic and gyneco-obstetric factors and subjected to a muscle strength test and perineometry. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and multiple regression were applied. [Results] The results showed homogeneity in sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics. There was no difference in pelvic floor muscle function among the three groups. Type of delivery, parity and physical activity level showed no influence on muscle function. [Conclusion] The findings demonstrate that parity, type of delivery, and physical activity level had no influence on pelvic floor muscle pressure in postmenopausal women. One hypothesis to explain these results is the fact that the decline in muscle function in postmenopausal women is related to the female aging process.

Assessment of the influence of the hammock on neuromotor development in nursing full-term infants

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the influence of the hammock on neuromotor development in full-term infants. METHOD: the study included 26 infants born at normal gestational age, of single-births and birth weight > 2500g, 19 of them constituting the group of hammock-users and seven the group of non-hammock-users. All the 26 infants had their neuromotor development assessed using the Alberta Infant Neuromotor Scale, at six months of age. The assessments, undertaken in the infants' homes at times convenient to both mothers and children, were recorded on video and two other observers evaluated the infants' performance. RESULTS: the neuromotor development of the hammock-using infants obtained a lower score than did that of the non-hammock-using infants (p 0.03). Among the four postures evaluated by AIMS, the upright position was the only one that showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p 0; 01). In the correlation analysis, maternal age showed a negative relationship ((r = -0.42; p 0.03;) and the value of the Apgar score at 1 minute a positive relationship with neuromotor development (r = 0.49; p 0.05;). CONCLUSION: hammock-using infants present slower neuromotor development than the non-hammock-users of the same age...(AU)

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência do uso da rede de descanso sobre o desenvolvimento neuromotor de lactentes nascido a termo aos seis meses de idade. MÉTODO: Foram incluídos 26 lactentes, nascidos a termo, de parto único e com peso > 2500g, 19 foram inseridos no grupo que faziam uso da rede de descanso e sete foram incluídos no grupo que não faziam uso da rede de descanso. Os 26 lactentes estavam com seis meses de idade quando tiveram seu desenvolvimento neuromotor avaliado por meio da Alberta Infant Neuromotor Scale. Todas as avaliações foram registradas em vídeo-gravações e as performances neuromotoras foram reavaliadas e pontuadas por dois avaliadores capacitados e cegos ao estudo. RESULTADOS: O desenvolvimento neuromotor dos lactentes que fazem uso da rede apresentou pior escore quando comparado ao desenvolvimento neuromotor dos lactentes que não fazem uso da rede (p 0,03). Dentre as quatro posturas avaliadas na AIMS a postura em pé foi à única que apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os dois grupos (p 0,01). Na análise de correlação, a idade da mãe apresentou relação negativa (r = -0,42; p 0,03;) e o valor de Apgar no 1º minuto relação positiva com o desenvolvimento neuromotor (r = 0,49; p 0,05;). CONCLUSÃO: Os lactentes que fazem uso da rede de descanso apresentam um desenvolvimento neuromotor mais lento quando comparado ao desenvolvimento de lactentes de mesma idade que não fizeram uso da rede de descanso...(AU)

Assessment of the influence of the hammock on neuromotor development in nursing full-term infants

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the influence of the hammock on neuromotor development in full-term infants. METHOD: the study included 26 infants born at normal gestational age, of single-births and birth weight > 2500g, 19 of them constituting the group of hammock-users and seven the group of non-hammock-users. All the 26 infants had their neuromotor development assessed using the Alberta Infant Neuromotor Scale, at six months of age. The assessments, undertaken in the infants' homes at times convenient to both mothers and children, were recorded on video and two other observers evaluated the infants' performance. RESULTS: the neuromotor development of the hammock-using infants obtained a lower score than did that of the non-hammock-using infants (p 0.03). Among the four postures evaluated by AIMS, the upright position was the only one that showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p 0; 01). In the correlation analysis, maternal age showed a negative relationship ((r = -0.42; p 0.03;) and the value of the Apgar score at 1 minute a positive relationship with neuromotor development (r = 0.49; p 0.05;). CONCLUSION: hammock-using infants present slower neuromotor development than the non-hammock-users of the same age...

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência do uso da rede de descanso sobre o desenvolvimento neuromotor de lactentes nascido a termo aos seis meses de idade. MÉTODO: Foram incluídos 26 lactentes, nascidos a termo, de parto único e com peso > 2500g, 19 foram inseridos no grupo que faziam uso da rede de descanso e sete foram incluídos no grupo que não faziam uso da rede de descanso. Os 26 lactentes estavam com seis meses de idade quando tiveram seu desenvolvimento neuromotor avaliado por meio da Alberta Infant Neuromotor Scale. Todas as avaliações foram registradas em vídeo-gravações e as performances neuromotoras foram reavaliadas e pontuadas por dois avaliadores capacitados e cegos ao estudo. RESULTADOS: O desenvolvimento neuromotor dos lactentes que fazem uso da rede apresentou pior escore quando comparado ao desenvolvimento neuromotor dos lactentes que não fazem uso da rede (p 0,03). Dentre as quatro posturas avaliadas na AIMS a postura em pé foi à única que apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os dois grupos (p 0,01). Na análise de correlação, a idade da mãe apresentou relação negativa (r = -0,42; p 0,03;) e o valor de Apgar no 1º minuto relação positiva com o desenvolvimento neuromotor (r = 0,49; p 0,05;). CONCLUSÃO: Os lactentes que fazem uso da rede de descanso apresentam um desenvolvimento neuromotor mais lento quando comparado ao desenvolvimento de lactentes de mesma idade que não fizeram uso da rede de descanso...